Ted Schultz

• B.A., University of California, Berkeley
• Ph.D., Cornell University

Evolution and systematics of ants, especially the fungus-farming ants (tribe Attini, subfamily Myrmicinae); historical ecology and evolution of the fungus-farming behavior; theory and method of phylogenetic analysis; quantitative methods for assessing ant biodiversity

Journal Article

• Leal-Dutra, Caio, Shik, Jonathan Z., Boomsma, Jacobus J., and Schultz, Ted R. 2024. "How fungus-farming ants have nourished biology for 150 years." Nature, 635, (8037) 39. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-024-03613-w.
• Neves, Karen C., Andersen, Alan N., Schultz, Ted R., and Vasconcelos, Heraldo L. 2024. "Macroecological patterns of functional and phylogenetic diversity vary between ground and arboreal assemblages in Neotropical savanna ants." Ecography, https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.07122.
• Parker, J., Maruyama, M., Okamoto, T., Schultz, Ted R., and Alvarado, M. 2024. "Evolution of leafcutter ant myrmecophiles: Hamotus heidiae, a new symbiont of Acromyrmex colonies with undetectable hydrocarbons (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae)." Insectes Sociaux, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00040-024-01005-x.
• Schultz, Ted R., Sosa-Calvo, Jeffrey, Kweskin, Matthew P., Lloyd, Michael W., Dentinger, Bryn, Kooij, Pepijn W., Vellinga, Else C., Rehner, Stephen A., Rodrigues, Andre, Montoya, Quimi V., Fernández-Marín, Hermógenes, Ješovnik, Ana, Niskanen, Tuula, Liimatainen, Kare, Leal-Dutra, Caio, Solomon, Scott E., Gerardo, Nicole M., Currie, Cameron R., Bacci, Mauricio, Vasconcelos, Heraldo L., Rabeling, Christian, Faircloth, Brant C., and Doyle, Vinson P. 2024. "The coevolution of fungus-ant agriculture." Science, 386, (6717) 105–110. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adn7179.
• Neves, K., Santos, B., Schultz, Ted R., Gotzek, Dietrich A., Abreu, R. C. R., Durigan, G., and Vasconcelos, H. L. 2023. "Woody encroachment affects multiple dimensions of ant diversity in a neotropical savanna." Insect Conservation and Diversity, https://doi.org/10.1111/icad.12633.
• Branstetter, Michael G., Longino, John T., Reyes-Lopez, Joaquin L., Brady, Sean G., and Schultz, Ted R. 2022. "Out of the temperate zone: A phylogenomic test of the biogeographical conservatism hypothesis in a contrarian clade of ants." Journal of Biogeography, https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.14462.
• Camacho, G. P., Franco, W., Branstetter, M. G., Pie, M. R., Longino, J. T., Schultz, Ted R., and Feitosa, R. M. 2022. "UCE Phylogenomics Resolves Major Relationships Among Ectaheteromorph Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ectatomminae, Heteroponerinae): A New Classification For the Subfamilies and the Description of a New Genus." Insect Systematics and Diversity, 6, (1) 5. https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixab026.
• Gotting, Kirsten, May, Daniel S., Sosa-Calvo, Jeffrey, Khadempour, Lily, Francoeur, Charlotte B., Berasategui, Aileen, Thairu, Margaret W., Sandstrom, Shelby, Carlson, Caitlin M., Chevrette, Marc G., Pupo, Mônica T., Bugni, Tim S., Schultz, Ted R., Johnston, J. S., Gerardo, Nicole M., and Currie, Cameron R. 2022. "Genomic diversification of the specialized parasite of the fungus-growing ant symbiosis." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 119, (51). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2213096119.
• Hanisch, Priscila Elena, Sosa-Calvo, Jeffrey, and Schultz, Ted R. 2022. "The Last Piece of the Puzzle? Phylogenetic Position and Natural History of the Monotypic Fungus-Farming Ant Genus Paramycetophylax (Formicidae: Attini)." Insect Systematics and Diversity, 6, (1) 11. https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixab029.
• Williams, Jason L., Zhang, Y. M., LaPolla, John S., Schultz, Ted R., and Lucky, Andrea. 2022. "Phylogenomic Delimitation of Morphologically Cryptic Species in Globetrotting Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Species Complexes." Insect Systematics and Diversity, 6, (1) 10. https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixab027.
• Cardenas, Cody Raul, Luo, Amy Rongyan, Jones, Tappey H., Schultz, Ted R., and Adams, Rachelle M. M. 2021. "Using an integrative taxonomic approach to delimit a sibling species, Mycetomoellerius mikromelanos sp. nov. (Formicidae: Attini: Attina)." Peerj, 9 e11622–e11622. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11622.
• Barrera, Corina A., Sosa-Calvo, Jeffrey, Schultz, Ted R., Bacci, Mauricio, and Rabeling, Christian. 2021. "Phylogenomic reconstruction reveals new insights into the evolution and biogeography of Atta leaf-cutting ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Systematic Entomology, https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12513.
• Fernandes, Itanna O., Larabee, Fredrick J., Oliveira, Marcio L., Delabie, Jacques H. C., and Schultz, Ted R. 2021. "A global phylogenetic analysis of trap-jaw ants, Anochetus Mayr and Odontomachus Latreille (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae)." Systematic Entomology, 46, (3) 685–703. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12483.
• Li, Hongjie, Sun, Chang-Yu, Fang, Yihang, Carlson, Caitlin M., Xu, Huifang, Ješovnik, Ana, Sosa-Calvo, Jeffrey, Zarnowski, Robert, Bechtel, Hans A., Fournelle, John H., Andes, David R., Schultz, Ted R., Gilbert, Pupa U. P. A., and Currie, Cameron R. 2020. "Biomineral armor in leaf-cutter ants." Nature Communications, 11, (1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19566-3.
• Williams, Jason L., Zhang, Yuanmeng Miles, Lloyd, Michael W., LaPolla, John S., Schultz, Ted R., and Lucky, Andrea. 2020. "Global domination by crazy ants: phylogenomics reveals biogeographical history and invasive species relationships in the genus Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Systematic Entomology, https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12423.
• Borowiec, Marek L., Rabeling, Christian, Brady, Sean G., Fisher, Brian L., Schultz, Ted R., and Ward, Philip S. 2019. "Compositional heterogeneity and outgroup choice influence the internal phylogeny of the ants." Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 134 111–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2019.01.024.
• Neves, Karen, Moura, Mario R., Maravalhas, Jonas, Pacheco, Renata, Pie, Marcio R., Schultz, Ted R., and Vasconcelos, Heraldo L. 2019. "Functional richness shows spatial scale dependency in Pheidole ant assemblages from Neotropical savannas." Ecology and Evolution, 9, (20) 11734–11741. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5672.
• Solomon, Scott E., Rabeling, Christian, Sosa‐Calvo, Jeffrey, Lopes, Cauê T., Rodrigues, André, Vasconcelos, Heraldo L., Bacci, Maurício, Mueller, Ulrich G., and Schultz, Ted R. 2019. "The molecular phylogenetics of Trachymyrmex Forel ants and their fungal cultivars provide insights into the origin and coevolutionary history of ‘higher‐attine’ ant agriculture." Systematic Entomology, 44, (4) 939–956. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12370.
• Sosa‐Calvo, Jeffrey, Fernández, Fernando, and Schultz, Ted R. 2019. "Phylogeny and evolution of the cryptic fungus-farming ant genus Myrmicocrypta F. Smith (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) inferred from multilocus data." Systematic Entomology, 44, (1) 139–162. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12313.
• Blaimer, Bonnie B., Ward, Philip S., Schultz, Ted R., Fisher, Brian L., and Brady, Seán G. 2018. "Paleotropical Diversification Dominates the Evolution of the Hyperdiverse Ant Tribe Crematogastrini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Insect Systematics and Diversity, 2, (5). https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixy013.
• Hamilton, Natalie, Jones, Tappey H., Shik, Jonathan Z., Wall, Bonnie, Schultz, Ted R., Blair, Haley A., and Adams, Rachelle M. M. 2018. "Context is everything: mapping Cyphomyrmex-derived compounds to the fungus-growing ant phylogeny." Chemoecology, 28, (4-5) 137–144. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00049-018-0265-5.
• Jesovnik, Ana, Chaul, Julio, and Schultz, Ted R. 2018. "Natural history and nest architecture of the fungus-farming ant genus Sericomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Myrmecological News, 26 65–80.
• Li, Hongjie, Sosa-Calvo, Jeffrey, Horn, Heidi A., Pupo, Mô, Clardy, Jon, Rabeling, Christian, Schultz, Ted R., and Currie, Cameron R. 2018. "Convergent evolution of complex structures for ant–bacterial defensive symbiosis in fungus-farming ants." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 115, (42) 10720–10725. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1809332115.
• Sosa-Calvo, Jeffrey, Schultz, Ted R., Jesovnik, Ana, Dahan, Romain A., and Rabeling, Christian. 2018. "Evolution, systematics, and natural history of a new genus of cryptobiotic fungus-growing ants." Systematic Entomology, 43, (3) 549–567. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12289.
• Boomsma, Jacobus J., Brady, Seán Gary, Dunn, Robert R., Gadau, Juergen, Heinze, Juergen, Keller, Laurent, Moreau, Corrie S., Sanders, Nathan J., Schrader, Lukas, Schultz, Ted R., Sundstrom, Lotta, Ward, Philip S., Wcislo, William T., Zhang, Guojie, and GAGA Consortium. 2017. "The Global Ant Genomics Alliance (GAGA)." Myrmecological News, 25 61–66.
• Branstetter, Michael G., Ješovnik, Ana, Sosa-Calvo, Jeffrey, Lloyd, Michael W., Faircloth, Brant C., Brady, Seán G., and Schultz, Ted R. 2017. "Dry habitats were crucibles of domestication in the evolution of agriculture in ants." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 284, (1852). https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.0095.
• Jesovnik, Ana and Schultz, Ted R. 2017. "Revision of the fungus-farming ant genus Sericomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae)." Zookeys, (670) 1–109. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.670.11839.
• Jesovnik, Ana and Schultz, Ted R. 2017. "Corrigenda: Ješovnik A, Schultz TR (2017) Revision of the fungus-farming ant genus Sericomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae)." ZooKeys, 691 201–204. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.691.15088.
• Ješovnik, Ana, Sosa-Calvo, Jeffrey, Lloyd, Michael W., Branstetter, Michael G., Fernández, Fernando, and Schultz, Ted R. 2017. "Phylogenomic species delimitation and host-symbiont coevolution in the fungus-farming ant genus Sericomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): ultraconserved elements (UCEs) resolve a recent radiation." Systematic Entomology, 42, (3) 523–542. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12228.
• Mueller, Ulrich G., Ishak, Heather D., Bruschi, Sofia M., Smith, Chad C., Herman, Jacob J., Solomon, Scott E., Mikheyev, Alexander S., Rabeling, Christian, Scott, Jarrod J., Cooper, Michael, Rodrigues, Andre, Ortiz, Adriana, Brandão, Carlos R. F., Lattke, John E., Pagnocca, Fernando C., Rehner, Stephen A., Schultz, Ted R., Vasconcelos, Heraldo L., Adams, Rachelle M. M., Bollazzi, Martin, Clark, Rebecca M., Himler, Anna G., LaPolla, John S., Leal, Inara R., Johnson, Robert A. et al. 2017. "Biogeography of mutualistic fungi cultivated by leafcutter ants." Molecular Ecology, 26, (24) 6921–6937. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.14431.
• Sosa-Calvo, J., Ješovnik, A., Lopes, C. T., Rodrigues, A., Rabeling, C., Bacci, M., Vasconcelos, H. L., and Schultz, Ted R. 2017. "Biology of the relict fungus-farming ant Apterostigma megacephala Lattke, including descriptions of the male, gyne, and larva." Insectes Sociaux, 64, (3) 329–346. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00040-017-0550-2.
• Sosa-Calvo, Jeffrey, Ješovnik, Ana, Vasconcelos, Heraldo L., Bacci, Mauricio, and Schultz, Ted R. 2017. "Rediscovery of the enigmatic fungus-farming ant "Mycetosoritis" asper Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Implications for taxonomy, phylogeny, and the evolution of agriculture in ants." PloS One, 12, (5). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0176498.
• Jaitrong, Weeyawat and Schultz, Ted R. 2016. "Aenictus shilintongae sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Dorylinae), an army ant of the Aenictus laeviceps species group from China." The Thailand Natural History Museum Journal, 10, (2) 67–74.
• Ješovnik, Ana, González, Vanessa L., and Schultz, Ted R. 2016. "Phylogenomics and Divergence Dating of Fungus-Farming Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Genera Sericomyrmex and Apterostigma." PloS One, 11, (7). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0151059.
• Nygaard, Sanne, Hu, Haofu, Li, Cai, Schiott, Morten, Chen, Zhensheng, Yang, Zhikai, Xie, Qiaolin, Ma, Chunyu, Deng, Yuan, Dikow, Rebecca B., Rabeling, Christian, Nash, David R., Wcislo, William T., Brady, Seán Gary, Schultz, Ted R., Zhang, Guojie, and Boomsma, Jacobus J. 2016. "Reciprocal genomic evolution in the ant-fungus agricultural symbiosis." Nature Communications, 7 e12233. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12233.
• Ward, P. S., Brady, Seán G., Fisher, B. L., and Schultz, Ted R. 2016. "Phylogenetic classifications are informative, stable, and pragmatic: the case for monophyletic taxa." Insectes Sociaux, 63, (4) 489–492. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00040-016-0516-9.
• Blaimer, Bonnie B., Brady, Seán Gary, Schultz, Ted R., and Fisher, Brian L. 2015. "Functional and phylogenetic approaches reveal the evolution of diversity in a hyper diverse biota." Ecography, 38, (9) 901–912. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.01370.
• Blaimer, Bonnie B., Brady, Seán Gary, Schultz, Ted R., Lloyd, Michael W., Fisher, Brian L., and Ward, Philip S. 2015. "Phylogenomic methods outperform traditional multi-locus approaches in resolving deep evolutionary history: a case study of formicine ants." BMC Evolutionary Biology, 15, (1) 271. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-015-0552-5.
• Fernandes, Itanna O., Souza, Jorge L. P., C., Fernando Fernández, Delabie, Jacques H. C., and Schultz, Ted R. 2015. "A new species of Simopelta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae) from Brazil and Costa Rica." Zootaxa, 3956, (2) 295–300. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3956.2.10.
• Rabeling, C., Schultz, Ted R., Bacci, M., Jr., and Bollazzi, M. 2015. "Acromyrmex charruanus: a new inquiline social parasite species of leaf-cutting ants." Insectes Sociaux, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00040-015-0406-6.
• Schultz, Ted R., Sosa-Calvo, Jeffrey, Brady, Seán Gary, Lopes, Cauê T., Mueller, Ulrich G., Bacci, Mauricio, and Vasconcelos, Heraldo L. 2015. "The Most Relictual Fungus-Farming Ant Species Cultivates the Most Recently Evolved and Highly Domesticated Fungal Symbiont Species." American Naturalist, 185, (5) 693–703. https://doi.org/10.1086/680501.
• Sosa-Calvo, Jeffrey, Jesovnik, Ana, Okonski, Eugenia, and Schultz, Ted R. 2015. "Locating, collecting, and maintaining colonies of fungus-farming ants (Hymenoptera: Myrmicinae: Attini)." Sociobiology, 62, (2). https://doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v62i2.300-320.
• Ward, Philip S., Brady, Seán Gary, Fisher, Brian L., and Schultz, Ted R. 2015. "The evolution of myrmicine ants: Phylogeny and biogeography of a hyperdiverse ant clade." Systematic Entomology, 40, (1) 61–81. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12090.
• Wilkerson, Richard C., Linton, Yvonne-Marie, Fonseca, Dina M., Schultz, Ted R., Price, Dana C., and Strickman, Daniel A. 2015. "Making Mosquito Taxonomy Useful: A Stable Classification of Tribe Aedini that Balances Utility with Current Knowledge of Evolutionary Relationships." PloS One, 10, (7). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0133602.
• Brady, Seán Gary, Fisher, Brian L., Schultz, Ted R., and Ward, Philip S. 2014. "The rise of army ants and their relatives: diversification of specialized predatory doryline ants." BMC Evolutionary Biology, 14, (1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-14-93.
• Masiulionis, Virginia E., Rabeling, Christian, De Fine Licht, Henrik H., Schultz, Ted R., Bacci, Maurício, Bezerra, Cintia M. Santos, and Pagnocca, Fernando C. 2014. "A Brazilian Population of the Asexual Fungus-Growing Ant Mycocepurus smithii (Formicidae, Myrmicinae, Attini) Cultivates Fungal Symbionts with Gongylidia-Like Structures." PLoS ONE, 9, (8) 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0103800.
• Rabeling, Christian, Schultz, Ted R., Pierce, Naomi E, and Bacci Jr., Maurício. 2014. "A Social Parasite Evolved Reproductive Isolation from Its Fungus-Growing Ant Host in Sympatry." Current Biology, 24, (17) 2047–2052. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2014.07.048.
• Jesovnik, A., Sosa-Calvo, J., Lopes, C. T., Vasconcelos, H. L., and Schultz, Ted R. 2013. "Nest architecture, fungus gardens, queen, males and larvae of the fungus-growing ant Mycetagroicus inflatus Brandão & Mayhé-Nunes." Insectes Sociaux, 60, (4) 531–542. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00040-013-0320-8.
• Sosa-Calvo, Jeffrey, Schultz, Ted R., Brandao, Carlos R. F., Klingenberg, Christiana, Feitosa, Rodrigo M., Rabeling, Christian, Bacci, Mauricio, Jr., Lopes, Caue T., and Vasconcelos, Heraldo L. 2013. "Cyatta abscondita: Taxonomy, Evolution, and Natural History of a New Fungus-Farming Ant Genus from Brazil." Plos One, 8, (11) e80498–e80498. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0080498.
• Adams, Rachelle M. M., Jones, Tappey H., Jeter, Andrew W., De, Fine Licht, Schultz, Ted R., and Nash, David R. 2012. "A comparative study of exocrine gland chemistry in Trachymyrmex and Sericomyrmex fungus-growing ants." Biochemical systematics and ecology, 40 91–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2011.10.011.
• Jones, Tappey H., Adams, Rachelle M. M., Spande, Thomas F., Garraffo, H. Martin, Kaneko, Tetsuo, and Schultz, Ted R. 2012. "Histrionicotoxin Alkaloids Finally Detected in an Ant." Journal of natural products, 75, (11) 1930–1936. https://doi.org/10.1021/np300485v.
• Mehdiabadi, Natasha J., Mueller, Ulrich G., Brady, Seán Gary, Himler, Anna G., and Schultz, Ted R. 2012. "Symbiont fidelity and the origin of species in fungus-growing ants." Nature Communications, 3 840. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms1844.
• Rey, Olivier, Estoup, Arnaud, Vonshak, Merav, Loiseau, Anne, Blanchet, Simon, Calcaterra, Luis, Chifflet, Lucila, Rossi, Jean-Pierre, Kergoat, Gaël J., Foucaud, Julien, Orivel, Jé, Leponce, Maurice, Schultz, Ted R., and Facon, Benoit. 2012. "Where do adaptive shifts occur during invasion? A multidisciplinary approach to unravelling cold adaptation in a tropical ant species invading the Mediterranean area." Ecology Letters, 15, (11) 1266–1275. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01849.x.
• Rabeling, Christian, Gonzales, Omar, Schultz, Ted R., Bacci, Maurício, Garcia, Marcos V. B., Verhaagh, Manfred, Ishak, Heather D., and Mueller, Ulrich Gerhard. 2011. "Cryptic sexual populations account for genetic diversity and ecological success in a widely distributed, asexual fungus-growing ant." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108, (30) 12366–12371. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1105467108.
• Solomon, Scott E., Lopes, Caue T., Mueller, Ulrich G., Rodrigues, Andre, Sosa-Calvo, Jeffrey, Schultz, Ted R., and Vasconcelos, Heraldo L. 2011. "Nesting biology and fungiculture of the fungus-growing ant, Mycetagroicus cerradensis: New light on the origin of higher-attine agriculture." Journal of Insect Science, 11, (12) 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1673/031.011.0112.
• Mehdiabadi, Natasha J. and Schultz, Ted R. 2010. "Natural history and phylogeny of the fungus-farming ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae: Attini)." Myrmecological News, 13 37–55.
• Sosa-Calvo, J. and Schultz, Ted R. 2010. "Three Remarkable New Fungus-Growing Ant Species of the Genus Myrmicocrypta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), With a Reassessment of the Characters That Define the Genus and Its Position Within the Attini." Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 103, (2) 181–195. https://doi.org/10.1603/AN09108.
• Ward, Philip S., Brady, Seán Gary, Fisher, Brian L., and Schultz, Ted R. 2010. "Phylogeny and Biogeography of Dolichoderine Ants: Effects of Data Partitioning and Relict Taxa on Historical Inference." Systematic Biology, 59, (3) 342–362. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syq012.
• Sosa-Calvo, Jeffrey, Brady, Seán Gary, and Schultz, Ted R. 2009. "The Gyne of the Enigmatic Fungus-Farming Ant Species Mycetosoritis explicata." Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 18, (1) 113–120.
• Schultz, Ted R. and Brady, Seán Gary. 2008. "Major evolutionary transitions in ant agriculture." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105, (14) 5435–5440. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0711024105.
• Taerum, Stephen J., Cafaro, Matias J., Little, Ainslie E. F., Schultz, Ted R., and Currie, Cameron Robert. 2007. "Low host-pathogen specificity in the leaf-cutting ant-microbe symbiosis." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 274, (1621) 1971–1978. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2007.0431.
• Brady, Seán Gary, Schultz, Ted R., Fisher, Brian L., and Ward, Philip S. 2006. "Evaluating alternative hypotheses for the early evolution and diversification of ants." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 103, (48) 18172–18177. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0605858103.
• Sosa-Calvo, J., Shatuuck, S. O., and Schultz, Ted R. 2006. "Dacetine ants of Panama: new records and description of a new species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae: Dacetini)." Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 108, (4) 814–821.
• Schultz, Ted R. 2005. "The fungus-growing ant genus Apterostigma in Dominican amber." Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 77 443–454.
• Ward, P. S., Brady, Seán Gary, Fisher, B. L., and Schultz, Ted R. 2005. "Assembling the ant "Tree of Life"." Myrmecologische Nachrichten, 7 87–90.
• Solomon, S. E., Mueller, Ulrich Gerhard, Schultz, Ted R., Currie, Cameron Robert, Price, Shauna L., Oliveira da Silva-Pinhati, A. C., Bacci, M., and Vasconcelos, Heraldo L. 2004. "Nesting Biology of the Fungus Growing Ants Mycetarotes Emery (Attini, Formicidae)." Insectes Sociaux, 51, (4) 333–338.
• Villelsen, Palle, Mueller, Ulrich Gerhard, Schultz, Ted R., Adams, Rachelle M. M., and Bouck, Amy C. 2004. "Evolution of Ant-Cultivar Specialization and Cultivar Switching in Apterostigma Fungus-Growing Ants." Evolution, 58, (10) 2252-2265.
• Currie, Cameron Robert, Wong, Bess, Stuart, Alison E., Schultz, Ted R., Rehner, Stephen A., Mueller, Ulrich Gerhard, Sung, Gi-Ho, Spatafora, Joseph W., and Straus, Neil A. 2003. "Ancient Tripartite Coevolution in the Attine Ant-Microbe Symbiosis." Science, (5605) 386–388.
• Schultz, Ted R. 2003. "Hyperdiversity Up Close [Review of "Pheidole in the New World" by E.O.Wilson]." Science, 300, (5616) 57–58.
• Sallum, M. A. M., Schultz, Ted R., Foster, P. G., Aronstein, K., Wirtz, R. A., and Wilkerson, Richard C. 2002. "Phylogeny of Anophelinae (Diptera Culicidae) Based on Nuclear Ribosomal and Mitochondrial DNA Sequences." Sytematic Biology, 27 361–382.
• Schultz, Ted R., Solomon, S. E., Mueller, Ulrich Gerhard, Villelsen, Palle, Boomsma, Jacobus J. Koos, Adams, Rachelle M. M., and Norden, B. 2002. "Cryptic Speciation in the Fungus-Growing Ants Cyphomyrmex longiscapus Weber and Cyphomyrmex muelleri Schultz and Solomon, New Species (Formicidae, Attini)." Insectes Sociaux, 49, (4) 331–343.
• Villesen, P., Murakami, T., Schultz, Ted R., and Boomsma, Jacobus J. Koos. 2002. "Identifying the Transition Between Single and Multiple Mating of Queens in Fungus-Growing Ants." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 269 1541–1548.
• Villesen, Palle, Schultz, Ted R., and Boomsma, Jacobus J. Koos. 2002. "Identifying the Transition Between Single and Multiple Mating in Attine Ants." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, (1500) 1541–1548. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2002.2044.
• Artiss, T., Schultz, Ted R., Polhemus, Dan A., and Simon, C. 2001. "Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis of the Odonate Genera Libellula, Ladona, and Plathemis (Odonata: Lielluidae) based on Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase 1 and 16S RNA Sequence Data." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 18, (3) 348–361.
• Schultz, Ted R., Engel, M. S., and Ascher, J. S. 2001. "Evidence for the Origin of Eusociality in the Corbiculate Bees (Hymoptera: Apidae)." Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 74 10–16.
• Adams, Rachelle M. M., Mueller, Ulrich Gerhard, Schultz, Ted R., and Norden, B. 2000. "Agro-Predation: Usurpation of Attine Fungus Gardens by Megalomyrmex Ants." Naturwissenschaften, 87 549–554.
• Sallum, M. A. M., Schultz, Ted R., and Wilkerson, Richard C. 2000. "Phlyolgeny of Anophelinae (DIptera: Culicidae) based on morphological characters." Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 93 747–775.
• Schultz, Ted R. 2000. "In Search of Ant Ancestors, Invited "Commentary"." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 26 14028–14029.
• Schultz, Ted R. 1999. "Ants, Plants, and Antibiotics. Invited "News and Views."." Nature, 398 747–748.
• Schultz, Ted R. and Churchill, G. A. 1999. "The Role of Subjectivity in Reconstructing Ancestral Character States: A Bayesian Approach to Unknown Rates, States, and Transformation Assymmetries." Systematic Biology, 48, (3) 651–664.
• Mueller, Ulrich Gerhard, Rehner, Stephen A., and Schultz, Ted R. 1998. "The Evolution of Agriculture in Ants." Science, 281, (5385) 2034–2038.
• Schultz, Ted R., Bekkevold, D., and Boomsma, Jacobus J. Koos. 1998. "Acromyrmex insinuator new species: An Incipient Social Parasite of Fungus-Growing Ants." Insectes Sociaux, 45 457–471.
• Wetterer, J. K., Schultz, Ted R., and Meier, Rudolf. 1998. "Phylogeny of Fungus-Growing Ants (Tribe Attini) Base on mtDNA Sequence and Morphology." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 9, (1) 42–47.
• Engel, M. S. and Schultz, Ted R. 1997. "Phylogeny and Behavior in Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae)." Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 90, (1) 43–53.
• Meier, Rudolf and Schultz, Ted R. 1996. "Pilzzucht und Blattschneiden bei Ameisen: Präadaptationen und evolutive Trends [Fungus growing and leaf cutting in ants -- preadaptations and evolutionary trends]." Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, 35 57–76.
• Schultz, Ted R., Cocroft, R. B., and Churchill, G. A. 1996. "The Reconstruction of Ancestral Character States." Evolution, 50, (2) 504–511.
• Schultz, Ted R. and Meier, Rudolf. 1995. "A phylogenetic analysis of the fungus-growing ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Attini) based on morphological characters of the larvae." Systematic Entomology, 20 337–370.
• Chapela, I. H., Rehner, Stephen A., Schultz, Ted R., and Mueller, Ulrich Gerhard. 1994. "Evolutionary History of the Symbiosis Between Fungus-Growing Ants and Their Fungi." Science, 266 1691–1694.
• Hinkle, G., Wetterer, J. K., Schultz, Ted R., and Sogin, M. L. 1994. "Phylogeny of the Attine Ant Fungi Based on Analysis of Small Subunit Ribosomal RNA Gene Sequences." Science, 266 1695–1697.
• Meier, Rudolf and Schultz, Ted R. 1994. "The fungus-growing ants are monophyletic: A cladistic analysis of the Attini (Formicidae) based on a comparative SEM study of larvae." Verhandlungen der Deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft, 87 230.
• Schultz, Ted R. and Meier, Rudolf. 1994. "The Phylogeny of the Fungus-Growing Ants (Myrmicinae: Attini) and their Fungi." In, Les Insectes Sociaux: 12th Congress of the International Union for the Study of Social Insects, Paris, Sorbonne, 21-127 August (A.Lenior, G.Arno, 177.
• Schultz, Ted R. 1993. "Stalking the Wild Attine." Notes from Underground (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University) [Article], 8 7–10.

Book

• Schultz, Ted R., Gawne, Richard, and Peregrine, Peter N., editors. 2022. The Convergent Evolution of Agriculture in Humans and Insects. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. Müller, Gerd B. Vienna Series in Theoretical Biology. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/13600.001.0001.
• Hoyt, Erich and Schultz, Ted R. 2002. Insect Lives: Stories of Mystery and Romance From a Hidden World. Harvard University Press.
• Agosti, Donat, Majer, J., Alonso, L., and Schultz, Ted R. 2000. Ants: Standard Methods for Measuring and Monitoring Biodiversity. Smithsonian Institution Press.

Dataset

• Branstetter, Michael G., Longino, John T., Reyes-López, Joaquín, Brady, Seán G., and Schultz, Ted R. 2022. [Dataset] Out of the temperate zone: a phylogenomic test of the biogeographical conservatism hypothesis in a contrarian clade of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Stenammini). Distributed by Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/DRYAD.2280GB5TV.

Book Chapter

• Schultz, Ted R. 2022. "The Convergent Evolution of Agriculture in Humans and Fungus-Farming Ants." In The Convergent Evolution of Agriculture in Humans and Insects. Schultz, Ted R., editor. 281–313. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. In Vienna Series in Theoretical Biology. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/13600.003.0021.
• Ješovnik, Ana and Schultz, Ted R. 2022. "Agricultural and Proto-Agricultural Symbioses in Ants." In The Convergent Evolution of Agriculture in Humans and Insects. Schultz, Ted R., Gawne, Richard, and Peregrine, Peter N., editors. 143–159. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. In Vienna Series in Theoretical Biology. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/13600.003.0014.
• Schultz, Ted R. 2020. "Fungus-Farming Ants (Attini in Part)." In Encyclopedia of Social Insects. Starr, Christopher, editor. 1–8. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90306-4_46-1.
• Schultz, Ted R., Mueller, Ulrich Gerhard, Currie, Cameron Robert, and Rehner, Stephen A. 2005. "Reciprocal illumination: A comparison of agriculture in humans and ants." In Ecological and Evolutionary Advances in Insect-Fungal Associations. Fernando, Vega and Blackwell, Meredith, editors. 149–190. Oxford University Press.
• Bang, R., Schultz, Ted R., and DeSalle, R. 2002. "Development, Homology, and Systematics." In Molecular Systematics and Evolution: Theory and Practice. 175–188.
• Schultz, Ted R., Root, R. B., and Eisner, T. 2001. "William L. Brown, Jr.: June 1, 1922 - March 30, 1997 [Obituary]." In Memorial Statements, Cornell University Faculty 1996-97. 12–16. Ithaca, New York: Office of the Dean of the Faculty, Cornell University. 2001
• Agosti, Donat, Majer, J., and Schultz, Ted R. 2000. "The Biodiversity Challenge (Preface)." In Ants: Standard Methods for Measuring and Monitoring Biodiversity. xvii–xxix.
• Schultz, Ted R. and Alonso, L. E. 2000. "Glossary." In Ants: Standard Methods for Measuring and Monitoring Biodiversity. 223–229.
• Schultz, Ted R. and McGlynn, T. P. 2000. "The Interactions of Ants with Other Organisms." In Ants: Standard Methods for Measuring and Monitoring Biodiversity. 35–44.
• Schultz, Ted R., Engel, M. S., and Prentice, M. A. 1999. "Resolving Conflict Between Morphological and Molecular Evidence for the Origin of Eusociality in the "Corbiculate" Bees (Hymoptera: Apidae): A Hypothesis-Testing Approach." In Entomological Contributions in the Memory of Byron A. Alexander. 125–138.
• Schultz, Ted R. 1998. "Phylogeny of the Fungus-Growing Ants (Myrmicinae: Attini): Evidence from DNA Sequences (Nuclear Elongation Factor-1 Alpha and Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I) and Morphology. [Abstract]." In Social Insects at the Turn of the Millenium: Proceedings of the XIII International Congress of IUSSI, Adelaide, Australia, 29 December 1998-3 January 1999. 429.

Book Review

• Schultz, Ted R. 1994. [Book review] "Identification Guide to the Ant Genera of the World, by Bolton, B., Harvard University Press." Psyche, 101, (3-4), 203–208.