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Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History

Dieter Wasshausen

Research Botanist Emeritus
Department / Division
Botany
Education
  • BS (1962), MS (1965), PhD (1972), The George Washington University
Research Interests

Systematics of the Neotropical Acanthaceae, including treatments of the family for the Flora of Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia; Palynology and reproductive biology of tropical Acanthaceae; Floristic studies in the family Begoniaceae, preparation of diagnostic keys and descriptions for species in Guianas, Brazil and Peru.

Publications
Journal Article
  • Cornejo, Xavier, Wasshausen, Dieter C., and Cohen, Brandon. 2025. "Aphelandra bracteopectinata (Acanthaceae): A beautiful new species from northwestern Ecuador." Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas, 19, (2) 95-99. https://doi.org/10.17348/jbrit.v19.i2.1401.
  • Cornejo, Xavier, Wasshausen, Dieter, Exe, Nolan, and Johnson, Mia. 2023. "The Reinstatement of Aphanandrium (Acanthaceae), a New Species from Ecuador and Four New Combinations." Harvard Papers in Botany, 28, (1). https://doi.org/10.3100/hpib.v28iss1.2023.n4.
  • Villanueva-Espinoza, Rosa, Wasshausen, Dieter, and Fernandez-Hilario, Robin. 2021. "Dicliptera mercedesiae, a new species of the genus Dicliptera (Acanthaceae) from Peru." Phytotaxa, 518, (1) 36-44. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.518.1.4.
  • Cornejo, Xavier, Wasshausen, Dieter C., and Bonifaz, Carmen. 2017. "Dicliptera francodavilae (Acanthaceae): A New Species from the Coastal Dry Forests of the Province of Guayas, Ecuador." Harvard Papers in Botany, 22, (2) 121-123. https://doi.org/10.3100/hpib.v22iss2.2017.n4.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 2015. "New Species of Acanthaceae from Ecuador." Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas, 9, (1) 81-88.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 2013. "New species of Aphelandra (Acanthaceae) from Peru and Ecuador." Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas, 7, (1) 109-120.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 2007. "A checklist of the Acanthaceae collected in the "Sira mountains" of Peru." Die Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, Serie B, 108B 167-190.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 2006. "156. Acanthaceae." Flora of the Guianas: Series A: Phanerogams, 23 1-141.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 2006. "159. Mendonciaceae." Flora of the Guianas: Series A: Phanerogams, 23 142-151.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. and Wood, R. I. 2004. "Acanthaceae of Bolivia." Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, 49 1-152.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. and Wood, R. I. 2004. "Notes on the genus Dicliptera (Acanthaceae) in Bolivia." Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 117 140-149.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 2003. "New species of Justicia (Acanthaceae) from the Guianas." Brittonia, 54, (4) 286-297.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. and Wood, R. I. 2003. "Notes on the genus Justicia in Bolivia." Kew Bulletin, 58 769-831.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. and Wood, R. I. 2003. "The genus Dyschoriste (Acanthaceae) in Bolivia and Argentina." Brittonia, 55, (1) 10-18.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. and Wood, R. I. 2003. "Notes on the genus Ruellia (Acanthaceae) in Bolivia, Peru and Brazil." Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 116, (2) 263-274.
  • Golding, J. and Wasshausen, Dieter C. 2002. "Begoniaceae, Edition 2. Part I: Annotated Species List. Part II: Illustrated Key, Abridgement and Supplement." Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, 43 1-289.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 2002. "New species of Ruellia (Acanthaceae) from French Guiana and adjacent Brazil." Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 115, (3) 696-700.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. and Wood, R. I. 2001. "Further discoveries in the genus Stenostephanus (Acanthaceae) in Bolivia." Harvard Papers in Botany, 6, (2) 449-454.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 2000. "A new species of Justicia (Acanthaceae) from Venezuela." Novon, 10 260-263.
  • Smith, S. F. and Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1999. "New taxa in Begonia (Begoniaceae) from Brazil." Selbyana, 20 16-29.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1999. "The genus Stenostephanus (Acanthaceae) in Bolivia." Harvard Papers in Botany, 4 279-288.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1999. "New species of Justicia(Acanthaceae) from Cerro La Chapa, El Amparo, Venezuela." Novon, 9 450-452.
  • Peichoto, M. C., Ezcurra, C., and Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1998. "Justicia floribunda (Acanthaceae), nueva combinación y nueva cito para la flora Argentina." Darwiniana, 35 151-154.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1998. "Acanthaceae of the Southeastern United States." Castanea: The Journal of the Southern Appalachian Botanical Society, 63 99-116.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1997. "Razisea ericae (Acanthaceae), a new species from Ecuador and adjacent Peru." Novon, 7 88-91.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1997. "A checklist of the Acanthaceae collected by John J. Wurdack in Amazonian Peru." BioLlania, Edición Especial, 6 541-550.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. and Ezcurra, C. 1997. "New names and new combinations in Justicia sect. Simonsia, Plagiacanthus and Orthotactus (Acanthaceae) from southern South America." Candollea, 52 171-179.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1996. "New species and new combinations in Apelandra (Acanthaceae) from Ecuador and adjacent Peru." Nordic Journal of Botany, 16 389-407.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1996. "New species, new variety and new combinations in Stenandrium (Acanthaceae) from Ecuador and Columbia." Nordic Journal of Botany, 16 383-388.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1995. "Begonia mariannesis." The Begonian, 62 116-117.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1995. "A new species, new combinations, and a new name in Acanthaceae from northern South America." Brittonia, 47 422-425.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. and Daniel, T. F. 1995. "Justicia nevlingii, a new species from Mexico." Novon, 5 114-117.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. and McClellan, T. 1995. "Begonia mariannensis (Begoniaceae), a new species from Trinidad, West Indies." Brittonia, 47 21-23.
  • Daniel, T. F. and Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1993. "A new Carlowrightia (Acanthaceae) from South America." Nordic Journal of Botany, 13 653-656.
  • Profice, S. and Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1993. "Aphelandra espirito-santensis (Acanthaceae), a new species from Espírito Santo, Brazil." Novon, 3 280-283.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1993. "Notes on Acanthaceae from Pico Das Almas, Bahia, Brazil." Kew Bulletin, 48 17-20.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1993. "Acanthaceae. In Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru." Monographs in Syst.Bot.from the Missouri Bot.Gard., 45 2-15.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. and Ezcurra, C. 1993. "A new species of Oplonia (Acanthaceae) from southern South America." Novon, 3 89-91.
  • Ezcurra, C. and Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1992. "New species of Ruellia (Acanthaceae) from southern South America." Brittonia, 44 69-73.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1992. "A further note on Justicia parquazensis Wasshausen (Acanthaceae)." Novon, 2 177.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1992. "Three new species of Justicia (Acanthaceae) from Brazil." Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 105 664-673.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1992. "Nomenclatural changes in the Acanthaceae and two new species of Odontonema from Venezuela and Guyana." Novon, 2 149-152.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1992. "New species and new combinations of Justicia (Acanthaceae) from the Venezuelan Guayana." Novon, 2 62-80.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1992. "New species of Ruellia (Acanthaceae) from the Venezuelan Guayana." Novon, 2 139-148.
  • Jakupovic, J., Schuster, A., and Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1991. "Acetylenes and labdanes from Baccharis pedunculata." Phytochemistry, 30 2785-2787.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1991. "New species of Dicliptera (Acanthaceae) from the Guianas." Brittonia, 43 1-6.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1991. "New species of Habracanthus (Acanthaceae) from Mexico." Brittonia, 43 185-188.
  • Zdero, C., Bohlmann, F., and Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1991. "Guaianolides from Brachylaena species." Phytochemistry, 30 3810-3811.
  • Zdero, C., Bohlmann, F., and Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1991. "Glaucolides from Old World Vernonia species." Phytochemistry, 30 4025-4028.
  • Daniel, T. F. and Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1990. "Three new species of Justicia (Acanthaceae) from Panamá." Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 46 289-297.
  • Ezcurra, C. and Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1990. "Schaueria azaleaeflora (Acanthaceae), Nueva cita para la Argentina." Darwiniana, 30 238-285.
  • Smith, Lyman B. and Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1990. "Begonia soli-mutata, a new Brazilian species whose leaf color varies with light intensity." The Begonian, 57 217-218.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1990. "Justicia maquirei, a new species of Acanthaceae from Guyana." Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden, 64 235-238.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1990. "New species of Stenandrium (Acanthaceae) from the Planalto of Brazil." Brittonia, 42 1-6.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1990. "New species of Mendoncia (Acanthaceae) from the Venezuelan Guayana." Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 76 1118-1124.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1990. "New species of Justicia (Acanthaceae) from the Planalto of Brazil." Brittonia, 41 379-384.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1990. "New and interesting species of Acanthaceae from Colombia." Rev.Acad.Colomb.Cienc., 17 249-257.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1990. "New species of Mendoncia (Acanthaceae) from Colombia." Brittonia, 41 329-334.
  • Jakupovic, J., Grenz, M., and Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1989. "Sesquiterpene lactones from Rolandra fruticosa." Phytochemistry, 28 1937-1941.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1989. "New and Interesting Species of Acanthaceae from Colombia." Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas.Fisicas y Naturales, 17, (65) 249-257.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1989. "New and interesting species of Acanthaceae from Peru." Beitr.Biol.Pfanzen, 63 421-429.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1989. "New Species of Mendoncia (Acanthaceae) from the Venenzuelan Guayana." Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 76 1118-1124.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1989. "New Species of Mendoncia (Acanthaceae) from Colombia." Brittonia, 41, (4) 329-334.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1989. "New Species of Justicia (Acanthaceae) from the Planalto of Brazil." Brittonia, 41, (4) 379-384.
  • Smith, Lyman B. and Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1988. "Notes on Begoniaceae - 4." Phytologia, 64 77.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1988. "New species of Habracanthus (Acanthaceae) from Venezuela." Acta Botanica Venezuelica, 15 133-143.
  • Smith, Lyman B. and Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1987. "Notes on Begoniaceae—VI." Phytologia, 64 77.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1987. "New and interesting species of Justicia (Acanthaceae) from Amazonia." Acta Amazonica, Supplement, 14 145-151.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1987. "New Species of Habracanthus (Acanthaceae) from Venezuela." Acta Botanica Venezuelica, 15, (2) 133-143.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1987. "New and interesting species of Acanthaceae from Ecuador." Opera Botanica, 92 265-275.
  • Ramamoorthy, T. P. and Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1986. "A New Name in Dyschoriste (Acanthaceae)." Brittonia, 37, (4) 358-359.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1986. "The systematics of the genus Pachystachys (Acanthaceae)." Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 99 160-185.
  • Ramamoorthy, T. P. and Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1985. "A new name in Dyschoriste (Acanthaceae)." Brittonia, 37 358-359.
  • Smith, Lyman B. and Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1985. "A new Ecuador species." The Begonian, 52 11-13.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1985. "New species of Habracanthus (Acanthaceae) from Ecuador." Brittonia, 37 243-251.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1985. "Kalbreyeracanthus kirkbridei (Acanthaceae), a new species from Colombia." Brittonia, 37 199-202.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1985. "New species of Hansteinia (Acanthaceae) from Colombia and Ecuador." Brittonia, 37 203-208.
  • Smith, Lyman B. and Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1984. "Notes on Begoniaceae - 3." Phytologia, 54 465-473.
  • Smith, Lyman B. and Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1984. "Notes on Begoniaceae - 4." Phytologia, 55 112.
  • Smith, Lyman B. and Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1984. "Notes on Begoniaceae - 5." Phytologia, 56 16.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1984. "Two new species of Habracanthus (Acanthaceae) from Colombia." Brittonia, 36 68-73.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1984. "New and Interesting Species of Justicia (Acanthaceae) from Amazonia." Suplemento, Acta Amazonica, 14, (1) 145-151.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1984. "Pranceacanthus coccineus (Acanthaceae), a new genus and species from Amazonian Brazil." Brittonia, 36 1-7.
  • Smith, Lyman B. and Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1983. "Notes on Begoniaceae - 2." Phytologia, 53 297-301.
  • Smith, Lyman B. and Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1983. "Notes on Begoniaceae - 1." Phytologia, 52 441-451.
  • Smith, Lyman B., Wasshausen, Dieter C., and Klein, R. M. 1982. "Gramineas, pt. 3." Flora Ilustrada Catarinense pt.3, fasc.GRAM., pt. 3 911-1407, pl.
  • Smith, Lyman B., Wasshausen, Dieter C., and Klein, R. M. 1982. "Gramineas, pt. 2." Flora Ilustrada Catarinense pt.2, fasc.GRAM., pt. 2 443-906, pl.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1982. "New species of Justicia (Acanthaceae) from Venezuela." Phytologia, 52 95-98.
  • Smith, Lyman B. and Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1981. "Chave para os Generos das Gramíneas Brasileiras." Bradea, 3, suplemento 1-36.
  • Smith, Lyman B. and Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1981. "Creeping species from Brazil now B. thelma." The Begonian, 49 114-115.
  • Smith, Lyman B. and Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1981. "The Begonia on the cover: B. listada." The Begonian, 49 cover, 155-cover, 157.
  • Smith, Lyman B., Wasshausen, Dieter C., and Klein, R. M. 1981. "Gramineas, pt. 1." Flora Ilustrada Catarinense pt.1, fasc.GRAM., pt. 1 1-435, pl.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1981. "Justicia sonorae, a new species of Acanthaceae from Mexico." Phytologia, 49 65-69.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1981. "Kalbreyeracanthus Wasshausen, nom. nov." Taxon, 30 477.
  • Smith, Lyman B. and Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1979. "Begonia of Ecuador." Phytologia, 44 233-256.
  • Smith, Lyman B. and Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1978. "Notas sobre Gramineas Brasileiras - 1." Bradea, 2, no. 35 243-250.
  • Smith, Lyman B. and Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1977. "Os gneros de Gramineas no Brasil." Bradea, 2, no. 32 221-228.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1977. "New species of Acanthaceae from Colombia." Phytologia, 37 213-218.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1977. "New taxa of Acanthaceae from the Rio Palenque Science Center." Selbyana, 2, (1) 14-21.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1976. "A new species of Oplonia (Acanthaceae) from Peru." Phytologia, 33 444-446.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1976. "Two additional new species of Aphelandra (Acanthaceae)." Phytologia, 33 178-182.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1976. "A new species of Ruellia (Acanthaceae) from Panamá." Phytologia, 33 59-62.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. and de Arroyo, Mary T. Kalin. 1976. "A New Species of Justicia (Acanthaceae) from Venezuela." Boletin de la Sociedad Venezolana de Cilnuas Naturales, 22 407-413.
  • Getulio, A. and Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1974. "Tetramerium (Acanthaceae), Un genero nuevo para la flora de Venezuela." Acta Botanica Venezuelica, 8, no. 1-3 163-166.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1974. "Two additional new species of Aphelandra (Acanthaceae)." Phytologia, 26 393-396.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1974. "New combinations in cultivated Justicia (Acanthaceae)." Baileya, 19 1-3.
  • Agostini, Getulio and Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1973. "Tetramerium (Acanthaceae), Un Genero Nuevo para la Flora de Venezuela." Acta Botanica Venezuelica, 8, (1-4) 163-166.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1973. "Two Additional New Species of Aphelandra (Acanthaceae)." Phytologia, 26 393-396.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1973. "New Combinations in Cultivated Justicia (Acanthaceae)." Baileya, 19 1-3.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1973. "New species of Aphelandra (Acanthaceae)." Phytologia, 25 465-502.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. and Austin, D. F. 1973. "A Ruellia (Acanthaceae) species in Exogonium (Convolvulaceae)." Phytologia, 25 433-437.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1970. "A sysnopsis of the genus Suessenguthis (Acanthaceae)." Rhodora, 77, (789) 119-125.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1970. "A Synopsis of the Genus Seussenguthia (Acanthaceae)." Rhodora, 72, (789) 119-125.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1965. "New combinations in the family Acanthaceae." Phytologia, 12 427-428.
  • Fenn, R. W., Gerber, H. E., and Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1963. "Measurements of the sulphur and ammonium components of the Arctic Aerosol of the Greenland Icecap." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 20 466-468.
Book Chapter
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 2013. "Acanthaceae." In Flora of Ecuador. Persson, C. and Stahl, B., editors. 1-328. Goteborg, Sweden: Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg. 89
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 2012. "Acanthaceae." In Flora de Antioquia: Catalogo de las Plantas Vasculares. Idarraga, A., Carmen-Ortiz, R. del, Callejas, R., and Merello, M., editors. 225-233. Bogota, Colombia: Universidad de Antioquia. 2
  • Dorr, Laurence J. and Wasshausen, Dieter C. 2007. "Begoniaceae." In Catálogo anotado e ilustrado de la flora vascular de los Llanos de Venezuela. Duno de Stefano, R., Aymard, G., and Huber, O., editors. 387-389. Caracas, Venezuela: FUDENA-Fundación Empresas Polar-FIBV.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 2007. "Mendoniaceae." In Checklist of the Plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Funk, Vicki Ann, Hollowell, Thomas H., Berry, P. E., Kelloff, Carol L., and Alexander, Sara N., editors. 419-420. Washington D. C.: Smithsonian Institution. In Contributions from the United States National Herbarium.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 2005. "Chapter 5.6 Acanthus: Family Acanthaceae." In Plant conservation: A natural history approach. Krupnick, Gary A. and Kress, W. John, editors. 112-114.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. and Rauh, W. 2005. "Chapter 6.3 Habitat loss: the extreme case of Madagascar." In Plant conservation: A natural history approach. Krupnick, Gary A. and Kress, W. John, editors. 151-155.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 2004. "Acanthaceae." In Flowering Plants of the Neotropics. Smith, N., Mori, S. A., Henderson, A., Stevenson, D. W., and Heald, S. V., editors. 3-7.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1998. "Acanthaceae." In Prodr. fl. Matogrossensis Ser. B, part 1. Checklist of Angiosperms, part 2. Types of Mato Grosso. Dubs, B., editor. 1-5, 307.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1997. "Acanthaceae." In Inventaire taxonomique des plantes de la Guyane Francaise V -- les dicotyledones. Cremers, C. and Hoff, M., editors. 13-23.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1995. "Acanthaceae." In Flora of the Pico das Almas Chapada Diamantina -- Bahia, Brazil. Stannard, B. L., editor. 112-114.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1995. "Acanthaceae." In Inventaire Taxonomique des Plantes de la Guyane Francaise V-Les Dicotyledones. Cremers, C. and Hoff, M., editors. 13-23.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1995. "Acanthaceae." In Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana Vol. 2 (1955). Steyermark, Julian A. and Collaborators, editors. 335-374.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1993. "Acanthaceae. Appendix I: New Combinations and New Names of Peruvian Plants. In Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru." In Monographs in Syst. Bot. from the Missouri Bot. Gard. 1253.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1992. "Acanthaceae." In Flora de La Real ExpediciA3n del Nuevo Reyno de Granada (1783-1816). Mutis, editor. 41.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1992. "Acanthaceae." In Checklist of plants of the the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Boggan, John K., editor. 62-65.
  • Smith, Lyman B. and Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1989. "Begoniaceae." In Flora of Venezuela. Morillo, G., editor. 1-78.
  • Smith, Lyman B. and Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1987. "Begoniaceae." In Flora of Ecuador. Harling, G. and Andersson, L., editors. 1-66.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1971. "Acanthaceae." In Flora of the Galapagos Islands. Wiggins, I. L. and Porter, D. M., editors. 259-268.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1970. "Acanthaceae." In Manual of the Vascular Plants of Texas. Correll, D. S. and Johnston, M. C., editors. 1456-1475.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. and Smith, Lyman B. 1969. "Acanthaceae." In Flora Ilustrada Catarinensis. 1-134.
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1966. "Family Acanthaceae." In Flora of Texas, vol. 1, part 3. Lundell, C. L., editor. 223-282.
Book
  • Smith, Lyman B., Wasshausen, Dieter C., Golding, J., and Karegeannes, C. E. 1986. Begoniaceae Part I: Illustrated Key; part II: Annotated Species List. In Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, 60. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.0081024X.60.
  • Rice, W. F., Smith, S. F., and Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1982. National List of Scientific Plant Names. U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service.
  • Smith, Lyman B., Wasshausen, Dieter C., and Klein, Roberto M. 1982. Gramineas: Flora Ilustrada Catarinense; Part 3-- Paspalum-Zea. Itajai Brasil: Herbârio " Barbosa Rodrigues ".
  • Smith, Lyman B., Wasshausen, Dieter C., and Klein, Roberto M. 1982. Gramineas: Flora Ilustrada Catarinense; Part 2: Deschampsia-Pseudechinolaena. Itajai Brasil: Herbârio " Barbosa Rodr igues ".
  • Wasshausen, Dieter C. 1975. The genus Aphelandra (Acanthaceae). In Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, 18. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.0081024X.18.